force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels as well, excess fluid in the body increases the amount of fluid in the blood vessels and makes blood pressure increase . The blood vessels narrow, hard or obstructed blood pressure also increases. - Being in a room quiet.
- Avoid noise and alarm conditions.
- The ambient temperature should be around 20 degrees.
- not eat plenty, do not smoke, drink alcohol or coffee, or exercise, at least half an hour before the visit.
- not take sympathomimetic agents, including mydriatics.
- not have the full urinary bladder.
- not taking antihypertensive medication in the morning, to make the decision of the PA in the period "valley" of the drug and not fully under the same pharmacological action.
- Place
- naked arm to compress.
- Wait 5 minutes in this position.
- To rule out postural or orthostatic hypotension, BP should be measured at one minute and 5 minutes after standing. Is confirmed if there is a decrease in SBP> 20 mmHg and / or DBP> 10 mmHg.
- in pregnant women after 20 weeks, is recommended to measure the PA with the patient in left lateral decubitus or sitting position.
also recently calibrated aneroid sphygmomanometers or validated electronic devices. The sleeve has to be consistent with age and weight of the patient as a small cuff overestimates BP cuff too large and the undervalued. In case of doubt it is preferable to use a sleeve as large as possible.
- The apparatus (in the case of columns of mercury) should be at the height of the observer's eyes. Place
- freeing the sleeve antecubital fossa.
- Palpate the brachial artery and gently place the stethoscope around 2 cm. below the cuff.
- The understanding systolic (SBP) was estimated by palpation of the radial artery and the cuff is inflated rapidly to 20-30 mmHg above the level at which the pulse wave disappears.
- The flat should be at a uniform rate of about 2 mmHg per second or heartbeat. Using the first sound is followed by two identical (Korotkoff phase I) to define the SBP and the disappearance of sound (phase V) to define diastolic blood pressure (DBP).
- To record the Korotkoff phase IV (attenuation of noise) in hyperkinetic states, fever, pregnancy or in children.
- opening shot in the BP should be measured in both arms, and if there is a pressure difference greater than 10 mmHg should evaluate possible causes and consider the individual pressures far higher. In subsequent visits the PA will be determined solely on the arm with higher figures (control arm).
- At each visit must be at least two shots of the PA separated by 2 minutes and average values. If the first two readings differ by more than 5 mm Hg should additional footage made until the difference is equal to or less than this figure. Consider how the visit PA average of the last two shots.
- If an arrhythmia is recommended to measure the PA five times and averaged.
- is advisable to register immediately and TA figures show no preference for certain numbers.